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      <a id="tonex"></a>
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      <a id="IndexTonex" class="indexterm"></a>
      <div class="refnamediv">
        <h2>
          <span class="refentrytitle">tonex</span>
        </h2>
        <p>tonex — 
      Emulates a stack of filters using the tone opcode.
          </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp158842384"></a>
        <h2>Description</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>tonex</em></span> is equivalent to a filter consisting of more layers of <a class="link" href="tone.html" title="tone"><em class="citetitle">tone</em></a> with the same arguments, serially connected. Using a stack of a larger number of filters allows a sharper cutoff. They are faster than using a larger number instances in a Csound orchestra of the old opcodes, because only one initialization and k- cycle are needed at time and the audio loop falls entirely inside the cache memory of processor.
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp158917232"></a>
        <h2>Syntax</h2>
        <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>tonex</strong></span>  asig, khp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]</pre>
        <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>tonex</strong></span>  asig, ahp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp158920880"></a>
        <h2>Initialization</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>inumlayer</em></span> (optional) -- number of elements in the filter stack. Default value is 4.
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>iskip</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- initial disposition of internal data space. Since filtering incorporates a feedback loop of previous output, the initial status of the storage space used is significant. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp158923712"></a>
        <h2>Performance</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- input signal
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>khp</em></span>/<span class="emphasis"><em>ahp</em></span> -- the
      response curve's half-power point. Half power is defined as peak
      power / root 2. 
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp158926624"></a>
        <h2>Examples</h2>
        <p>
      Here is an example of the tonex opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/tonex.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">tonex.csd</em></a>.
      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp158928480"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 936. Example of the tonex opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac     <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o tonex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsInstruments&gt;</span>

<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100 
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32 
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span>  <span class="op">=</span> 1 
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1

asig <span class="opc">diskin2</span> "beats.wav", 1
     <span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2

kton <span class="opc">line</span> 10000, p3, 0		<span class="comment">;all the way down to 0 Hz</span>
asig <span class="opc">diskin2</span> "beats.wav", 1
asig <span class="opc">tonex</span> asig, kton, 8	<span class="comment">;8 filters</span>
     <span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsInstruments&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsScore&gt;</span>

<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 2
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 3 2

<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
</pre>
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        <p><br class="example-break" />
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp158932768"></a>
        <h2>See Also</h2>
        <p>
      <a class="link" href="atonex.html" title="atonex"><em class="citetitle">atonex</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="resonx.html" title="resonx"><em class="citetitle">resonx</em></a>
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp158935776"></a>
        <h2>Credits</h2>
        <p>
      </p>
        <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
          <tr>
            <td>Author: Gabriel Maldonado (adapted by John ffitch)</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Italy</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <p>
    </p>
        <p>New in Csound version 3.49</p>
        <p>Audio rate parameters introduced in version 6.02</p>
        <p>October 2013.</p>
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